1、头颅[cranium,skull]
·头颅变形[deforming skull]
·头形(围)[head contour (circumference)]
·小颅(尖颅,巨颅)[microcephalism (acrocephalia,large skull)]
·长(短)头[dolichocephalia (brachycephalism)]
·方(塔)颅[squared (tower) skull]
·落日现象[sitting sun phenomenon]
·颅缝[cranial suture]
·前(后)囟门[anterior (posterior) fontanel]
·囟门膨出(塌陷)[bulging (edpressed) fontanel]
·囟门晚(早)闭[delayded (earlier) closure of the fontanel]
2、眼球[eyeball]
·眼球浮动[ocular bobbing]
·眼球破裂[eyeball rupture]
·眼球穿孔伤[ocular-perforating injury]
·眼球内异物[intralcular foreign body]
·眼距增宽(变窄)[ocular hypertelorism (hypotelorism)]
·眼球萎缩[atrophy of eyeball]
·眼球突出(凹陷)[exophthalmos (enophthalmos)]
·眼球震颤[nystagmus]
·眼球固定[eyeball fixation (stare)]
·眼球活动受限[limitation of eye movement]
·假眼[ocular prosthesis]
·眼外肌运动[extraocular movements]
3、眼睑[eyelids]
·睑内(外)翻[entropion (ectropion)]
·流泪[lacrimation]
·上睑下垂[ptosis]
·眼睑痉挛(松驰)[blepharospasm (blepharo-chalasis)]
·眼睑水肿(红肿)[edema (redness and swelling) of the eyelids]
·瞬目过少[nictitation diminution(lid lag )]
·瞬目过多[frequent nictitation (blinking)]
·眼裂缩小(增宽)[blepharophimosis (blepharodia stasis)]
·眼睑充血[blepharal hyperemia]
·泪囊[lacrimal sac ]
·睫毛反射[eyelash reflexes]
·压眶反射[reaction to pressure on the supraocular notch]
·皱眉(皱额,闭目)[raise eyebrows (wrinkle forehead,force eyelids closing)]
4、结膜[conjunctive]
·结膜反射[conjunctival reflexes]
·充血[congestion]
·红(白)[redness (pallor)]
·球结膜水肿[chemosis]
·结膜滤泡(滤泡增生)[conjunctival follicle (folliculosis)]
·沙眼[trachoma]
·胬肉[pterygium]
·水样(脓性)分泌物[watery (purulent) discharge]
5、角膜和巩膜[cornea and sclerae]
·角膜反射[corneal reflexes]
·角膜混浊[cornea opacity]
·透明(不透明)的[transparent (opaque)]
·异物[foreign body]
·老年环[arcus senilis]
·溃疡(穿孔)[ulcer (perferation)]
·黄染(无黄染)[stained yellow (anicteric)]
6、瞳孔[pupil]
·右眼[OD (oculus dextet)]
·左眼[OS (oculus sinister)]
·2mm大小[2mm in size]
·等大等园[be equal and round ]
·瞳孔大小不一[unevenness of pupils (anisocoria)]
·固定[fixed]
·瞳孔缩小[contraction of pupils (miosis)]
·瞳孔散大[dilation of pupils (platycoria)]
·瞳孔畸形(闭锁)[deformity (seclusion) of pupils]
·直接(间接)对光反射[direct (consensual) response to light]
·瞳孔对光反射(佳)(差)[good (poor) light reflex of pupils]
·对光反射存在[retain light reflexes]
·调节反射[accommodation reflex]
·辐辏反射[convergence reflex]
7、视力和视野[Vision and Visual fields]
·视力模糊(减退,差)[blurred (impaired, poor) Vision]
·弱视[amblyopia]
·复视[double vision (diplopia)]
·斜视[strabismus]
·麻痹性斜视[paralytic squint]
·偏盲[hemiscotosis]
·失明[amaurosis (blindness)]
·夜盲[night blindness]
·色盲[color blindness]
·全色盲[achromatopsia]
·绿(蓝)色盲[achromatopsia green(blue) blindness]
·红-绿色盲[red-green blindness]
·色弱[color weakness]
·远视[far-sightedness (far –sighted,hyeropia)]
·近视[short-sightedness (short-sighted,nearsightedness,myopia)]
·右(左)眼200度[200 degree,OD(OS)]
·左(右)眼视力[OS(OD) vision]
·视野完整[full (intact) visual fields]
·象限视野缺损[tetarfanopia]
·单侧(双颞侧)缺损[unilateral (bitemporal) defect]
·视野缺损[visual field defect]
·视野缩小[contraction of visual field]
8、眼底和眼压[fundus and intraocular pressure]
·眼底镜检查[fundoscopy (ophthalmoscopy)]
·眼底清晰[fundi are clear]
·小动脉(小静脉)[arteriole (venule)]
·小动脉狭窄[narrow arteriole]
·小动脉硬化[arteriolosclerosis]
·微动脉瘤[microaneurysm]
·动静脉压迹[A-V nicking]
·点状(头焰样)出血[punctate (flame) hemorrhage]
·视乳头色素沉着[pigmentation of disc (retina)]
·视神经乳头(视神经)水肿[papilledema (papilloedema)]
·视乳头凹陷(苍白)[excavation (pallor) of optic disc]
·视网膜出血(水肿,渗出)[retinal hemorrhage (edema,exudation)]
·视网膜色素变性[pigmentary degeneration of retina]
·视网膜剥离[retinodialysis]
·视网膜变性(损伤)[retinal degeneration (injury)]
·测眼压[intraocular pressure measurement]
·眼压升高(降低)[increase (decrease) of intraocular pressure]
9、耳廓和外耳道[pinna and external canal]
·红(肿、痛,压痛)[redness (swelling,pain,tenderness)]
·糜烂(渗出物,脓性分泌物)[erosion (exudate,purulent discharge)]
·疱疹(瘘管,小水疱,血疱)[herpes (fistula,visicle,blood blisters)]
·狭窄(闭锁)[stenosis (clausura)]
·耵聍(耵聍栓塞,耵聍过多)[cerumen (ceruminal impaction,ceruminosis)]
·耳疖[furuncle of ear ]
·耳化脓(溢脓)[otopyosis (otopyorrhea)]
·耳廓假性囊肿[pseudocyst of auricle]
·外耳道异物[foreign body of external auditory canal]
·耵聍钩(钳)[cerumen hook (forceps)]
10、鼓膜[tympanic membrane (drum)]
·光反射[light reflex]
·红色(粉红色,苍白)[be red (pink,pale)]
·鼓膜内陷[otopiesis (indrawing of drum)]
·鼓膜膨出[umbo (bulge of drum)]
·鼓膜穿孔(粘连)[perforation (adherence) of drum]
·中央(周围)性穿孔[central (marginal) perforation]
·鼓膜破裂[myringorupture]
·鼓膜增厚(充血,疤痕,疱疹,肉芽)[hypertrophy (congestation,scar,herpes,granulation) of drum]
·鼓室积水(血)[hydrotympanum (hematotympanum)]
11、听力[audition (hearing)]
·听觉过敏(减退)[hyperacusis (hypoacusis)]
·听觉不良(迟钝,障碍)[dysacousis (bradyacusia, dysacusis)]
·听觉域[auditory sensation area]
·听力正常[normal hearing]
·听力(觉)迟钝[auditus depression (amblyacousia)]
·听力障碍[dysaudia]
·听力丧失[hearing loss (disability)]
·传导性(神经性,感音神经性)耳聋[conductive (neural,sensorineural) deafness]
·老年性耳聋[presbycusis]
·音叉试验[tuning fork test]
·秒表(耳语)听力检查[stopwatch (whisper) audiometry]
·韦伯氏试验(骨导偏向试验)[Weber’s test]
·任内氏试验(气骨导听力比较试验)[Rinne’s test]
·施瓦巴赫氏试验(骨导对比试验)[Schwabach’s test]
12、鼻[nose]
·酒渣鼻[rosacea]
·鞍(蛙状)鼻[saddle(frog) nose]
·畸形(肿胀,溃疡)[deformity (swelling,ulcer)]
·鼻翼扇动[flaring (movement) of alae nasi (nasal ala flap)]
·鼻骨骨折[fracture of nasal bone]
·鼻疖[nasal furuncle]
·鼻道狭窄[rhinostenosis (stenosis of nasal canal)]
·流涕[running nose]
·鼻粘膜干燥(苍白,红)[dry (pale,red ) mucosa]
·鼻腔异物[nasal foreign body]
·鼻粘膜萎缩(肥厚,肿胀)[nasal mucosa atrophy (hypertrophy,swelling)]
·鼻孔(甲)[naris (turbinates)]
·上(中、下)鼻甲[superior (middle,inferior ) turbinates]
·鼻塞[nasal obstruction]
·鼻中隔偏移(穿孔,肿胀,血肿,溃疡)[deviation (perforation,swelling,hematoma,ulcer) of nasal septum]
·鼻(副鼻)窦[nasal (paranasal) sinus]
·额(上颌,蝶,筛)窦[frontal (maxillary,sphenoid,ethmoid) sinus]
·鼻窦压痛[tenderness over sinuses]
·鼻镜检查[rhinoscopy]
13、嗅觉[smell (scent)]
·嗅觉减退(敏锐)[hyposmia (oxyosmia)]
·嗅觉异常[heterosmia]
·嗅觉测定[measurement of olfaction]
·嗅觉倒错(嗅幻觉)[paraosmia (olfactory hallucination]
·嗅觉缺失[anosmia]
14、口腔粘膜与唇[mucosa of mouth and lips]
·口腔(唇)[oral cavity (lips)]
·口瘢痕挛缩[cicatricial contracture of mouth]
·口疮[aphtha]
·口角[angle of mouth]
·唇(口角)干裂[cheilosis (angular cheilosis)]
·皱裂[ehagades]
·口裂[oral fissure]
·干燥(湿润)[dry (moist)]
·口唇干燥[xerocheilia (desiccation fissure)]
·口臭[halitosis (ozostomia)]
·口唇(腔)疱疹[herpes labialis (of mouth)]
·口唇肥厚[lips pachynsis]
·口角糜烂[perleche]
·口腔坏疽[oral gangrene]
·柯泼力克氏斑[Koplik’s spots]
·口腔白斑(溃疡形成)[oral leukoplakia (ulceration)]
·口水(口涎增多)[saliva (ptyalism)]
·口周苍白(雀斑)[circum-oral pallor (freckle)]
·闭口困难[open bite (closure lips irreducible)]
·张口受阻(困难)[limitation (difficulty) of mouth opening]
15、牙齿[tooth]
·牙表面[tooth surface]
·牙不齐[odontoloxy (alignment disorder,malalignment)]
·牙发育不全(异常)[metodontiasis (dysplasia dentalis)]
·牙根折断[dental root fracture]
·牙齿缺失[anodontia (absence of the tooth)]
·牙脱落[odontoptosis (lose a tooth)]
·缺齿[missing teeth]
·残根[residual root]
·牙松动[odontoseisis (loosening of the tooth)]
·牙垫[bite-block]
·牙磨损[tooth abrasion]
·牙骨质增生[hypercementosis]
·牙冠破裂[cracking of crown]
·牙石[odontolith (tartar,dental calculus)]
·牙列拥挤[crowded dentition]
·牙缝宽[wide interdental space]
·牙萌出过迟(早)[delayed (premature) eruption of tooth]
·牙线[dental floss]
·牙髓腔(炎)[pulp cavity (pulpitis)]
·拔牙[extract (pull out ,draw out,put out) a tooth]
·假牙[false (artificial tooth)]
·假牙[prosthesis]
·镶牙[insert tooth]
·龋齿[decayed teeth (dental caries)]
·龋洞[carious cavity]
·牙面色素沉着[pigmentation of tooth surface]
·牙关紧闭[trismus (lockjaw)]
·牙触(叩击)痛[tooth tenderness (percussion pain)]
·牙周囊肿(感染,萎缩)[periodontal cyst (infection,atrophy)]
16、牙龈[gum (gingiva)]
·牙龈出血(囊肿,坏疽,撕裂)[gingival bleeding (cyst,gangrene,laceration)]
·牙龈充血(肿胀,糜烂)[gingival engorgement (swelling,erosion)]
·牙龈萎缩(增生)[gingival atropy (hyperplasia)]
·牙龈(牙周)溢脓[gingival pyorrhea (peripyema)]
·牙龈脓肿[gumboil]
17、舌[tongue]
·舌背静脉[dorsal lingual veins]
·舌颤动[tremulous tongue (lingual tremor)]
·舌淀粉样变性[amyloid degeneration of tongue]
·舌后坠[glossocoma]
·舌尖麻木[tongue tip numbness]
·舌裂[split tongue]
·舌脓肿(溃疡)[tongue abscess (ulcer)]
·舌乳头(体,背)[papillae (body, dorsum) of tongue]
·舌苔[coated (furred) tongue]
·地图(草莓,镜面)舌[geographic (strawberry, marror face) tongue]
·裂纹(牛肉)舌[wrinkled (beefy) tongue]
·毛舌[hairy tongue]
·舌光滑(粗糙)[smooth (rough) tongue]
·舌滤泡[lingual follicles]
·舌干燥[sausarism]
·舌肌萎缩(肥厚)[atrophy (hypertrophy) of tongue muscle]
·舌系带过短[tongue tie (ankyloglossia)]
·舌下囊肿(溃疡,脓肿,肿块)[sublingnal cyst (ulcer, abscess, tumor)]
·伸舌困难(偏斜)[difficulty (deviation) of tongue extenison movement]
18、咽和扁桃体[pharynx and tonsil]
·鼻(口)咽[nasal (oral) pharynx]
·扁桃体不肿大[no enlargement of tonsil]
·无充血和渗出[no injection (congestion) and exudate]
·脓点(滤泡,白色小点)[beads of pus (follicle, white particle)]
·扁桃体出血(感染,肥大,溃疡)[hemorrhage (infection, hypertrophy, ulcer) of tonsil]
·扁桃体肿大[swelling of tonsil]
·扁桃体(后,周围)脓肿[tonsillar (retrotonsillar, peritonsillar) abscess]
·扁桃体缺如[tonsil deletion]
·扁桃体隐窝(窝)[tonsillar crypts (fossa)]
·咽部异物(溃疡,分泌物)[pharyneal foreign body (ulcer, secretion)]
·咽后壁淋巴滤泡增生[retropharyneal folliculosis]
·咽部干燥(疱疹,充血,水肿)[dryness (herpes, congestion, swelling) of throat]
·咽反射[pharynx reflex]
·咽下不能[dysphagia]
·腮腺肿大[enlargement of parotid gland]
19、喉[larynx]
·白喉(喉白斑)[diphtheritic croup (leukoplakia of larynx)]
·喉闭锁[atretolemia]
·喉梗阻[laryngemphraxis (laryngeal obstruction)]
·喉痉挛(狭窄)[laryngeal spasm(laryngo-stenosis)]
·喉头痉挛[laryngospasm]
·喉反射[laryngeal reflex]
·喉坏死(钙化)[necrosis (calcification)of larynx]
·喉瘘(囊肿,脓肿,息肉,血肿,异物)[laryngeal fistula(cyst,abscess,polyp,hematoma,foreign body)]
·喉膨出[laryngocele]
·喉缺失[absence of largnx]
·喉头水肿[laryngeal edema]
·声嘶(哑)[hoarseness (dumbness)]
·变(失)声[mutation (loss) of voice]
·失音[aphonia]
·发音(构音)障碍[pararthria (dysarthria)]
·喉部感觉缺失[laryngeal anesthesia]
·会厌发育不全(擦伤,裂,囊肿,脓肿)[agenesis (abrasion, fissure, cyst, abscess) of epiglottis]
·会厌分叉(结节)[bifid epiglottis(epiglottic tubercle)]
·声带肥厚[hypertrophy of vocal cords]
·声带麻痹[vocal cord paralysis]
·声带小结[vocal nodule]
·声带息肉[polyp of vocal cord]
·声门痉挛[glottis spasm]
·声门下狭窄[subglottic stenosis]
20、颈部[neck]
·颈部创伤[neck trauma]
·颈部淋巴结(囊肿)[cervical lymph node (cyst)]
·颈动脉窦按摩[carotid sinus massage]
·颈强直[neck rigidity (stiff-neck rigidity, stiff neck)]
·颈软[soft neck (supple)]
·斜颈[torticollis]
·角弓反张[opisthotonus]
·颈静脉搏动(曲张)[jugular pulse (varicosity)]
·颈静脉怒张[jugular vein distention (JVD)]
·颈静脉充盈(怒张)[jugular vein is full(distention and prominence)]
·库斯毛氏征[Kussmaul`s sign]
·肝颈反流[hepatojugular reflex]
·收缩期(舒张期)囊颤[systolic (diastolic) thrill]
·颈动脉搏动异常(增强、减弱、消失)[abnormal carotid pulsation (increase, decrease, disappearance)]
21、甲状腺[thyroid]
·弥漫(局灶,结节)性甲状腺肿大[diffuse (local, nodular) thyroid enlargement]
·甲状腺震颤[thyroid tremor]
·震颤[thrill]
·甲状腺血管杂音[thyroid vascular murmur]
·甲状腺峡部[isthmus of thyroid gland]
·甲状旁腺[parathyroid gland]
·甲状腺囊肿(滤泡、肿块,出血)[thyroid cyst (follicle, tumor, hemorrhage)]
22、气管[trachea]
·气管插管[endotracheal intubation]
·气管痉挛[tracheospasm]
·气管囊肿(息肉、狭窄、移位)[tracheal cyst (polyp, stenosis ,displacement)]
·气管(向右)偏移[displacement of trachea (tracheal deviation to the right)]
·气管居中[trachea is in the midline]
·气管内异物[intratracheal foreign body]