病例翻译-体检之神经、骨骼和肌肉中英文表达
体检（神经、骨骼和肌肉）[Physical examination(nerve,skeleton and muscle)]
·痛（空间、触、视、震动、实体、立体、姿势、光、运动、味、温、色、平衡）[pain (space, tactil, visual, vibratory, strereognostic, proprioceptive, posture, light, kinesthetic, taste, thermic, color, equilibrium) sense]
·关节觉[arthresthesia]
·震动觉[seismesthesia]
·复合感觉[synaesthesia]
·听（位置，嗅）觉[sense of hearing (position, smell)]
·感觉异常（缺失，过敏，减退）[abnormal sensation (anesthesia, hyperesthesia, hypoesthesia)]
·半身感觉缺失[hemisensory defect]
·感觉迟钝（错乱）[dysesthesia (paresthesia)]
·感觉障碍（异常）[sensory disturbance (paraesthesia)]
·感觉正常[intact sensation (euesthesia)]
·痛觉过敏（减退）[hyperalgia (hypoalgia)]
·痛觉缺失[alganesthesia (analgesia)]
·嗅觉迟钝（减退，过敏）[amblyaphia (hypopselaphesia, hyperpselaphesia)]
·束带状感觉[girdle sensation]
·蚁走感[formication (creeping sensation)]
·瘫痪（偏瘫、单瘫、截瘫、四肢瘫）[paralysis (hemiplegia, monoplegia, 碍paraplegia, quadriplegia)]
·软（硬）瘫[soft (stiff) paralysis]
·周围（中枢）性瘫[peripheral (central) paralysis]
·轻瘫[paresis]
·交叉性（同向性）瘫[alternate (cojugate) paralysis]
·交叉瘫[crossed paralysis]
·痉挛性（弛缓性、癔病性、小儿）瘫（麻痹）[spastic (flaccid, hysterial, infantile) paralysis]
·重症肌无力[bulbospinal paralysis]
·扑翼样震颤[asterixis]
·手足搐搦[tetany]
·共济失调[ataxia]
·手足徐动症[athetosis]
·舞蹈样运动[choreiform movement (chorea)]
·肌颤[muscular fibrillation]
·肌阵挛[myoclonus]
·震颤麻痹[paralysis agitans (shaking palsy,Parkison`s disease)]
·颤动[tremor (twitch)]
·随意运动[voluntary movement]
·肌力正常（减退）[muscular power (myodynamia, myosthemic) is normal (decreased)]
·肌力消失[loss of power]
·左上肢肌力III度[3 degree in the left upper extrimity]
·肌无力[weakness of the muscle (amyosthenia, myasthenia)]
·肌张力减低[hypomyotonia (decreased muscular tone)]
· 痉挛性（强直性）肌张力增高[spastic (tonic) hypermyotonia (hypertonia of the muscle, increased muscular tone)]
·肌弛缓（肌张力缺失）[amyotonia]
·折刀现象[clasp knife]
·齿轮样强直[cogwheel rigidity]
·肌阵挛（痉挛）[muscular clonus (spasm)]
·摇摆（蹒跚、剪刀形、鸭走形、酒醉小脑病、摇曳、慌张）步态[swaying (reeling, scissors, waddling, drunken, cerebella, cow, festinating)gait]
·共济失调（共济运动，共济失调步态）[incoordination (coordinated movement, afaxic gait)]
·跛行步态（间歇性跛行）[claudication gait (intermittent claudication)]
·闭目难立试验（阳性，阴性）[Romberg`s sign (positive, negative)]
·摸空征[carphology]
·指鼻（指-指）试验[finger-nose(finger) test]
·轮替动作[alternate motion]
·跟膝胫试验[heel-knee-tibia test]
·生理（病理）反射[physiologic (pathologic) reflex]
·角膜（张口，结膜，咽，腭，眼睑，咳嗽，吞咽，对光，瞳孔）反射[corneal (gag, conjunctival, pharyngeal, palatal, lid, cough, deglutition, light, pupillary) reflex]
·腹壁反射[abdominal wall reflex]
·提睾（肛门）反射[cremasteric (anal) reflex]
·肱二（三）头肌反射[biceps (triceps) reflex]
·股二（四）头肌反射[biceps (quadricels) femories reflex]
·三角肌（伸肌）反射[deltoid (extensor) feflex]
·抓握（牵拉，吸吮，防御，条件）反射[grasp (stretch, sucking,protective, conditioned) reflex]
·跖（骨膜）反射[plantar (periosteal) reflex]
·跟腱反射[heel-tap (achilles tendon) reflex]
·拥抱反射[clasping (embrace, Moro`s) reflex]
·深（浅）反射[deep (superficial) reflex]
·压眶反射[reaction to pressure on the supraocular notch]
·桡骨膜反射[radioperiosteal reflex]
·膝（跟腱）反射[knee (achilles) jerk]
·反射活动协调[coordination of reflex action (activity)]
·反射亢进（减弱，消失）[hyperreflexia (hyporeflexia, areflexia)]
·亢进的[hypractive (increased, exaggerated)]
·减弱的[hypoactive (decreased, diminished)]
·消失的[absent (disappeared)]
·可疑的[questionable (equivocal)]
·跟（髌，趾，腕）阵挛[ankle (patella, toe, wrist) clonus]
·巴彬斯基（克尼格，奥本海姻，霍夫曼）征[Babinski (Kernig, Oppenheim, Hoffman) sign]
·拉塞格（布鲁金，戈登，查多克，岗达）征[Lasegue (Brudzinski, Gordon, Chaddock, Bonoda) sign]
·眼-心（竖毛）反射[oculo-cardiac (pilomotor) reflex]
·皮肤划痕征[dermographism]
·脑膜刺激征[sign of meningeal irritation]
·颈强直[stiff-neck]
·阳性（阴性）[postive (negative)]
·未引出[be not found (discovered, elicited)]
·失语（声）[aphasia (aphony)]
·言语缓慢（不清）[bradylalia (barylalia)]
·口吃（声嘶）[stuttering (hoarseness)]
·外展（内收）[abduction (adduction)]
·脊柱后（前，侧，前侧，后侧）凸[kyphosis (lordosis, scoliosis, lordoscoliosis, scoliokyphosis)]
·屈曲（前曲，背曲，腹侧屈曲）[flexion (anteflexion, dorsiflexion, ventriflexion)]
·旋转（旋前，旋后）[rotation (pronation, supination)]
·伸直（前弯，后弯，侧弯）[extension (forward bending, backward bending, lateral bending)]
·膝内（外）翻[genua varum (valgum)]
·髋内（外）翻[coxa vara (valga)]
·足内（外）翻[pes varus (valgus)]
·X（O）形腿[deformed X(O)-shaped leg]
·驼背[humpback (kyphosis, rachiocyphosis)]
·多（并）指[polydactylia (syndactyly)]
·关节僵硬[ankylosis (stiff-joint)]
·骨性强直[bony ankylosis]
·爪（扇）形手[claw (sector) hand]
·肢端肥大[acromegaly]
·杵状指[clubbing (clubbed finger)]
·跛行[limping]
·平足[flat foot (pes planus)]
·静脉曲张[varicose vein]
·静脉（蜂窝织）炎[phlebitis (cellulitis)]
·活动受限[limitation of motion]
·干（湿）性坏疽[dry (moist) gangrene]
·垂腕[wrist drop]
·梭形关节[fusiform articulus]
·浮髌现象[floating patella phenomenon]
·橡皮肿[elephantedema]
·肌萎缩[muscle atrophy]
·瘘管形成[sinus tract formation]
·蹼指（趾）[palmature and webbed toe]
·关节挛缩[contracture of joint]
·凹陷（非凹陷）性水肿[pitting (non-pitting) edema]
·关节变形（融合）[joint deformity (fusion)]
·关节全（半）脱位[complete dislocation (subluxation of joint)]
·关节肿大（肿胀）[arthrocele (arthroncus)]
·关节活动障碍[articular dyskinesia]
【责任编辑：博朗】