病例翻译-体检之头颈部症状说明中英文
1、头颅[cranium,skull]
·头颅变形[deforming skull]
·头形（围）[head contour (circumference)]
·小颅（尖颅，巨颅）[microcephalism (acrocephalia,large skull)]
·长（短）头[dolichocephalia (brachycephalism)]
·方（塔）颅[squared (tower) skull]
·落日现象[sitting sun phenomenon]
·颅缝[cranial suture]
·前（后）囟门[anterior (posterior) fontanel]
·囟门膨出（塌陷）[bulging (edpressed) fontanel]
·囟门晚（早）闭[delayded (earlier) closure of the fontanel]
2、眼球[eyeball]
·眼球浮动[ocular bobbing]
·眼球破裂[eyeball rupture]
·眼球穿孔伤[ocular-perforating injury]
·眼球内异物[intralcular foreign body]
·眼距增宽（变窄）[ocular hypertelorism (hypotelorism)]
·眼球萎缩[atrophy of eyeball]
·眼球突出（凹陷）[exophthalmos (enophthalmos)]
·眼球震颤[nystagmus]
·眼球固定[eyeball fixation (stare)]
·眼球活动受限[limitation of eye movement]
·假眼[ocular prosthesis]
·眼外肌运动[extraocular movements]
3、眼睑[eyelids]
·睑内（外）翻[entropion (ectropion)]
·流泪[lacrimation]
·上睑下垂[ptosis]
·眼睑痉挛（松驰）[blepharospasm (blepharo-chalasis)]
·眼睑水肿（红肿）[edema (redness and swelling) of the eyelids]
·瞬目过少[nictitation diminution(lid lag )]
·瞬目过多[frequent nictitation (blinking)]
·眼裂缩小（增宽）[blepharophimosis (blepharodia stasis)]
·眼睑充血[blepharal hyperemia]
·泪囊[lacrimal sac ]
·睫毛反射[eyelash reflexes]
·压眶反射[reaction to pressure on the supraocular notch]
·皱眉（皱额，闭目）[raise eyebrows (wrinkle forehead,force eyelids closing)]
4、结膜[conjunctive]
·结膜反射[conjunctival reflexes]
·充血[congestion]
·红（白）[redness (pallor)]
·球结膜水肿[chemosis]
·结膜滤泡（滤泡增生）[conjunctival follicle (folliculosis)]
·沙眼[trachoma]
·胬肉[pterygium]
·水样（脓性）分泌物[watery (purulent) discharge]
5、角膜和巩膜[cornea and sclerae]
·角膜反射[corneal reflexes]
·角膜混浊[cornea opacity]
·透明（不透明）的[transparent (opaque)]
·异物[foreign body]
·老年环[arcus senilis]
·溃疡（穿孔）[ulcer (perferation)]
·黄染（无黄染）[stained yellow (anicteric)]
6、瞳孔[pupil]
·右眼[OD (oculus dextet)]
·左眼[OS (oculus sinister)]
·2mm大小[2mm in size]
·等大等园[be equal and round ]
·瞳孔大小不一[unevenness of pupils (anisocoria)]
·固定[fixed]
·瞳孔缩小[contraction of pupils (miosis)]
·瞳孔散大[dilation of pupils (platycoria)]
·瞳孔畸形（闭锁）[deformity (seclusion) of pupils]
·直接（间接）对光反射[direct (consensual) response to light]
·瞳孔对光反射（佳）（差）[good (poor) light reflex of pupils]
·对光反射存在[retain light reflexes]
·调节反射[accommodation reflex]
·辐辏反射[convergence reflex]
7、视力和视野[Vision and Visual fields]
·视力模糊（减退，差）[blurred (impaired, poor) Vision]
·弱视[amblyopia]
·复视[double vision (diplopia)]
·斜视[strabismus]
·麻痹性斜视[paralytic squint]
·偏盲[hemiscotosis]
·失明[amaurosis (blindness)]
·夜盲[night blindness]
·色盲[color blindness]
·全色盲[achromatopsia]
·绿（蓝）色盲[achromatopsia green(blue) blindness]
·红-绿色盲[red-green blindness]
·色弱[color weakness]
·远视[far-sightedness (far –sighted,hyeropia)]
·近视[short-sightedness (short-sighted,nearsightedness,myopia)]
·右（左）眼200度[200 degree,OD(OS)]
·左（右）眼视力[OS(OD) vision]
·视野完整[full (intact) visual fields]
·象限视野缺损[tetarfanopia]
·单侧（双颞侧）缺损[unilateral (bitemporal) defect]
·视野缺损[visual field defect]
·视野缩小[contraction of visual field]
8、眼底和眼压[fundus and intraocular pressure]
·眼底镜检查[fundoscopy (ophthalmoscopy)]
·眼底清晰[fundi are clear]
·小动脉（小静脉）[arteriole (venule)]
·小动脉狭窄[narrow arteriole]
·小动脉硬化[arteriolosclerosis]
·微动脉瘤[microaneurysm]
·动静脉压迹[A-V nicking]
·点状（头焰样）出血[punctate (flame) hemorrhage]
·视乳头色素沉着[pigmentation of disc (retina)]
·视神经乳头（视神经）水肿[papilledema (papilloedema)]
·视乳头凹陷（苍白）[excavation (pallor) of optic disc]
·视网膜出血（水肿，渗出）[retinal hemorrhage (edema,exudation)]
·视网膜色素变性[pigmentary degeneration of retina]
·视网膜剥离[retinodialysis]
·视网膜变性（损伤）[retinal degeneration (injury)]
·测眼压[intraocular pressure measurement]
·眼压升高（降低）[increase (decrease) of intraocular pressure]
9、耳廓和外耳道[pinna and external canal]
·红（肿、痛，压痛）[redness (swelling,pain,tenderness)]
·糜烂（渗出物，脓性分泌物）[erosion (exudate,purulent discharge)]
·疱疹（瘘管，小水疱，血疱）[herpes (fistula,visicle,blood blisters)]
·狭窄（闭锁）[stenosis (clausura)]
·耵聍（耵聍栓塞，耵聍过多）[cerumen (ceruminal impaction,ceruminosis)]
·耳疖[furuncle of ear ]
·耳化脓（溢脓）[otopyosis (otopyorrhea)]
·耳廓假性囊肿[pseudocyst of auricle]
·外耳道异物[foreign body of external auditory canal]
·耵聍钩（钳）[cerumen hook (forceps)]
10、鼓膜[tympanic membrane (drum)]
·光反射[light reflex]
·红色（粉红色，苍白）[be red (pink,pale)]
·鼓膜内陷[otopiesis (indrawing of drum)]
·鼓膜膨出[umbo (bulge of drum)]
·鼓膜穿孔（粘连）[perforation (adherence) of drum]
·中央（周围）性穿孔[central (marginal) perforation]
·鼓膜破裂[myringorupture]
·鼓膜增厚（充血，疤痕，疱疹，肉芽）[hypertrophy (congestation,scar,herpes,granulation) of drum]
·鼓室积水（血）[hydrotympanum (hematotympanum)]
11、听力[audition (hearing)]
·听觉过敏（减退）[hyperacusis (hypoacusis)]
·听觉不良（迟钝，障碍）[dysacousis (bradyacusia, dysacusis)]
·听觉域[auditory sensation area]
·听力正常[normal hearing]
·听力（觉）迟钝[auditus depression (amblyacousia)]
·听力障碍[dysaudia]
·听力丧失[hearing loss (disability)]
·传导性（神经性，感音神经性）耳聋[conductive (neural,sensorineural) deafness]
·老年性耳聋[presbycusis]
·音叉试验[tuning fork test]
·秒表（耳语）听力检查[stopwatch (whisper) audiometry]
·韦伯氏试验（骨导偏向试验）[Weber’s test]
·任内氏试验（气骨导听力比较试验）[Rinne’s test]
·施瓦巴赫氏试验（骨导对比试验）[Schwabach’s test]
12、鼻[nose]
·酒渣鼻[rosacea]
·鞍（蛙状）鼻[saddle(frog) nose]
·畸形（肿胀，溃疡）[deformity (swelling,ulcer)]
·鼻翼扇动[flaring (movement) of alae nasi (nasal ala flap)]
·鼻骨骨折[fracture of nasal bone]
·鼻疖[nasal furuncle]
·鼻道狭窄[rhinostenosis (stenosis of nasal canal)]
·流涕[running nose]
·鼻粘膜干燥（苍白，红）[dry (pale,red ) mucosa]
·鼻腔异物[nasal foreign body]
·鼻粘膜萎缩（肥厚，肿胀）[nasal mucosa atrophy (hypertrophy,swelling)]
·鼻孔（甲）[naris (turbinates)]
·上（中、下）鼻甲[superior (middle,inferior ) turbinates]
·鼻塞[nasal obstruction]
·鼻中隔偏移（穿孔，肿胀，血肿，溃疡）[deviation (perforation,swelling,hematoma,ulcer) of nasal septum]
·鼻（副鼻）窦[nasal (paranasal) sinus]
·额（上颌，蝶，筛）窦[frontal (maxillary,sphenoid,ethmoid) sinus]
·鼻窦压痛[tenderness over sinuses]
·鼻镜检查[rhinoscopy]
13、嗅觉[smell (scent)]
·嗅觉减退（敏锐）[hyposmia (oxyosmia)]
·嗅觉异常[heterosmia]
·嗅觉测定[measurement of olfaction]
·嗅觉倒错（嗅幻觉）[paraosmia (olfactory hallucination]
·嗅觉缺失[anosmia]
14、口腔粘膜与唇[mucosa of mouth and lips]
·口腔（唇）[oral cavity (lips)]
·口瘢痕挛缩[cicatricial contracture of mouth]
·口疮[aphtha]
·口角[angle of mouth]
·唇（口角）干裂[cheilosis (angular cheilosis)]
·皱裂[ehagades]
·口裂[oral fissure]
·干燥（湿润）[dry (moist)]
·口唇干燥[xerocheilia (desiccation fissure)]
·口臭[halitosis (ozostomia)]
·口唇（腔）疱疹[herpes labialis (of mouth)]
·口唇肥厚[lips pachynsis]
·口角糜烂[perleche]
·口腔坏疽[oral gangrene]
·柯泼力克氏斑[Koplik’s spots]
·口腔白斑（溃疡形成）[oral leukoplakia (ulceration)]
·口水（口涎增多）[saliva (ptyalism)]
·口周苍白（雀斑）[circum-oral pallor (freckle)]
·闭口困难[open bite (closure lips irreducible)]
·张口受阻（困难）[limitation (difficulty) of mouth opening]
15、牙齿[tooth]
·牙表面[tooth surface]
·牙不齐[odontoloxy (alignment disorder,malalignment)]
·牙发育不全（异常）[metodontiasis (dysplasia dentalis)]
·牙根折断[dental root fracture]
·牙齿缺失[anodontia (absence of the tooth)]
·牙脱落[odontoptosis (lose a tooth)]
·缺齿[missing teeth]
·残根[residual root]
·牙松动[odontoseisis (loosening of the tooth)]
·牙垫[bite-block]
·牙磨损[tooth abrasion]
·牙骨质增生[hypercementosis]
·牙冠破裂[cracking of crown]
·牙石[odontolith (tartar,dental calculus)]
·牙列拥挤[crowded dentition]
·牙缝宽[wide interdental space]
·牙萌出过迟（早）[delayed (premature) eruption of tooth]
·牙线[dental floss]
·牙髓腔（炎）[pulp cavity (pulpitis)]
·拔牙[extract (pull out ,draw out,put out) a tooth]
·假牙[false (artificial tooth)]
·假牙[prosthesis]
·镶牙[insert tooth]
·龋齿[decayed teeth (dental caries)]
·龋洞[carious cavity]
·牙面色素沉着[pigmentation of tooth surface]
·牙关紧闭[trismus (lockjaw)]
·牙触（叩击）痛[tooth tenderness (percussion pain)]
·牙周囊肿（感染，萎缩）[periodontal cyst (infection,atrophy)]
16、牙龈[gum (gingiva)]
·牙龈出血（囊肿，坏疽，撕裂）[gingival bleeding (cyst,gangrene,laceration)]
·牙龈充血（肿胀，糜烂）[gingival engorgement (swelling,erosion)]
·牙龈萎缩（增生）[gingival atropy (hyperplasia)]
·牙龈（牙周）溢脓[gingival pyorrhea (peripyema)]
·牙龈脓肿[gumboil]
17、舌[tongue]
·舌背静脉[dorsal lingual veins]
·舌颤动[tremulous tongue (lingual tremor)]
·舌淀粉样变性[amyloid degeneration of tongue]
·舌后坠[glossocoma]
·舌尖麻木[tongue tip numbness]
·舌裂[split tongue]
·舌脓肿（溃疡）[tongue abscess (ulcer)]
·舌乳头（体，背）[papillae (body, dorsum) of tongue]
·舌苔[coated (furred) tongue]
·地图（草莓，镜面）舌[geographic (strawberry, marror face) tongue]
·裂纹（牛肉）舌[wrinkled (beefy) tongue]
·毛舌[hairy tongue]
·舌光滑（粗糙）[smooth (rough) tongue]
·舌滤泡[lingual follicles]
·舌干燥[sausarism]
·舌肌萎缩（肥厚）[atrophy (hypertrophy) of tongue muscle]
·舌系带过短[tongue tie (ankyloglossia)]
·舌下囊肿（溃疡，脓肿，肿块）[sublingnal cyst (ulcer, abscess, tumor)]
·伸舌困难（偏斜）[difficulty (deviation) of tongue extenison movement]
18、咽和扁桃体[pharynx and tonsil]
·鼻（口）咽[nasal (oral) pharynx]
·扁桃体不肿大[no enlargement of tonsil]
·无充血和渗出[no injection (congestion) and exudate]
·脓点（滤泡，白色小点）[beads of pus (follicle, white particle)]
·扁桃体出血（感染，肥大，溃疡）[hemorrhage (infection, hypertrophy, ulcer) of tonsil]
·扁桃体肿大[swelling of tonsil]
·扁桃体（后，周围）脓肿[tonsillar (retrotonsillar, peritonsillar) abscess]
·扁桃体缺如[tonsil deletion]
·扁桃体隐窝（窝）[tonsillar crypts (fossa)]
·咽部异物（溃疡，分泌物）[pharyneal foreign body (ulcer, secretion)]
·咽后壁淋巴滤泡增生[retropharyneal folliculosis]
·咽部干燥（疱疹，充血，水肿）[dryness (herpes, congestion, swelling) of throat]
·咽反射[pharynx reflex]
·咽下不能[dysphagia]
·腮腺肿大[enlargement of parotid gland]
19、喉[larynx]
·白喉（喉白斑）[diphtheritic croup (leukoplakia of larynx)]
·喉闭锁[atretolemia]
·喉梗阻[laryngemphraxis (laryngeal obstruction)]
·喉痉挛（狭窄）[laryngeal spasm(laryngo-stenosis)]
·喉头痉挛[laryngospasm]
·喉反射[laryngeal reflex]
·喉坏死（钙化）[necrosis (calcification)of larynx]
·喉瘘（囊肿，脓肿，息肉，血肿，异物）[laryngeal fistula(cyst,abscess,polyp,hematoma,foreign body)]
·喉膨出[laryngocele]
·喉缺失[absence of largnx]
·喉头水肿[laryngeal edema]
·声嘶（哑）[hoarseness (dumbness)]
·变（失）声[mutation (loss) of voice]
·失音[aphonia]
·发音（构音）障碍[pararthria (dysarthria)]
·喉部感觉缺失[laryngeal anesthesia]
·会厌发育不全（擦伤，裂，囊肿，脓肿）[agenesis (abrasion, fissure, cyst, abscess) of epiglottis]
·会厌分叉（结节）[bifid epiglottis(epiglottic tubercle)]
·声带肥厚[hypertrophy of vocal cords]
·声带麻痹[vocal cord paralysis]
·声带小结[vocal nodule]
·声带息肉[polyp of vocal cord]
·声门痉挛[glottis spasm]
·声门下狭窄[subglottic stenosis]
20、颈部[neck]
·颈部创伤[neck trauma]
·颈部淋巴结（囊肿）[cervical lymph node (cyst)]
·颈动脉窦按摩[carotid sinus massage]
·颈强直[neck rigidity (stiff-neck rigidity, stiff neck)]
·颈软[soft neck (supple)]
·斜颈[torticollis]
·角弓反张[opisthotonus]
·颈静脉搏动（曲张）[jugular pulse (varicosity)]
·颈静脉怒张[jugular vein distention (JVD)]
·颈静脉充盈（怒张）[jugular vein is full(distention and prominence)]
·库斯毛氏征[Kussmaul`s sign]
·肝颈反流[hepatojugular reflex]
·收缩期（舒张期）囊颤[systolic (diastolic) thrill]
·颈动脉搏动异常（增强、减弱、消失）[abnormal carotid pulsation (increase, decrease, disappearance)]
21、甲状腺[thyroid]
·弥漫（局灶，结节）性甲状腺肿大[diffuse (local, nodular) thyroid enlargement]
·甲状腺震颤[thyroid tremor]
·震颤[thrill]
·甲状腺血管杂音[thyroid vascular murmur]
·甲状腺峡部[isthmus of thyroid gland]
·甲状旁腺[parathyroid gland]
·甲状腺囊肿（滤泡、肿块，出血）[thyroid cyst (follicle, tumor, hemorrhage)]
22、气管[trachea]
·气管插管[endotracheal intubation]
·气管痉挛[tracheospasm]
·气管囊肿（息肉、狭窄、移位）[tracheal cyst (polyp, stenosis ,displacement)]
·气管（向右）偏移[displacement of trachea (tracheal deviation to the right)]
·气管居中[trachea is in the midline]
·气管内异物[intratracheal foreign body]